,! ,RULES (
,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL
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,$IT$ BY ,*RI/9E ,SIMPSON
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WWW4ICEB4ORG
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,,ISBN3 #IGH-#J-#IHJGJFD-#F-#H
,TRANSCRIB$ #BJAC1
BY ,M>Y ,HU<ES
,,CNIB
,TORONTO1 ,,ON ,M#D,G #C,E#H
,9 #F ,VOLUMES
,VOLUME #D ,SEC;NS #AA-#AF
,BRL PAGES T#A-T#B1 P#A-P#H &
#A-#AAJ
,PR9T PAGES ;VII-B;IX &
#AFI-A#BBH T#A
T#B
FRONT MATT] ;VII
,TABLE ( ,3T5TS
,SEC;N
,SEC;N #AA3
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL #AFI
#AA4A ,9TRODUC;N """""""" #AFI
#AA4B ,SIGNS ( OP]A;N &
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,"S COMMON OP]A;N
SIGNS """"""""""""""" #AFI
,"S COMMON COMP>ISON
SIGNS """"""""""""""" #AFI
,SPAC+ ( OP]A;N &
COMP>ISON SIGNS 9
NON-TE*NICAL MAT]IAL #AFI
,SPAC+ ( OP]A;N &
COMP>ISON SIGNS 9
TE*NICAL MAT]IAL """" #AGJ
#AA4C ,FRAC;NS """""""""" #AGJ
,SIMPLE NUM]IC FRAC;NS #AGJ
,MIX$ NUMB]S """""""""" #AGA
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#A
FRONT MATT] A;VII
,FRAC;NS WRITT5 9 L9E>
=M 9 PR9T """"""""""" #AGA
,G5]AL FRAC;N
9DICATORS """"""""""" #AGA
#AA4D ,SUP]SCRIPTS &
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,DEF9I;N ( AN ITEM """" #AGB
,SUP]SCRIPTS &
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TEXT """""""""""""""" #AGB
,ALGEBRAIC EXPRES.NS
9VOLV+ SUP]SCRIPTS "" #AGC
#AA4E ,SQU>E ROOTS & O!R
RADICALS """""""""""" #AGC
-------------------------;VIII
,SQU>E ROOTS """""""""" #AGD
,CUBE ROOTS ETC """"""" #AGD
#AA4F ,>R[S """"""""""""" #AGD
,SIMPLE >R[S """""""""" #AGD
,>R[S ) NON-/&>D %AFTS #AGE
,>R[S ) NON-/&>D TIPS #AGE
,LESS COMMON >R[S """"" #AGF
#AA4G ,%APE SYMBOLS """"" #AGF
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#B
FRONT MATT] A;VIII
,USE ( ! %APE T]M9A;N
9DICATOR """""""""""" #AGF
,TRANSCRIB]-DEF9$
%APES """"""""""""""" #AGF
,PHYSICAL 5CLOSURE
9DICATOR .=[ """""""" #AGG
#AA4H ,MATRICES &
VECTORS """"""""""""" #AGG
,PLACE;T ( MULTI-L9E
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#AA4I ,*EMI/RY """""""""" #AGH
,USE ( CAPITAL
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#AA4AJ ,COMPUT] NOTA;N "" #AGH
,DEF9I;N ( COMPUT]
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,GRADE ( BRL 9 COMPUT]
NOTA;N """""""""""""" #AGH
,SEC;N #AB3
,E>LY ,=MS ( ,5GLI% #AHA
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#C
FRONT MATT] B;VIII
,SEC;N #AC3
,=EIGN ,LANGUAGE #AHE
,=EIGN CODE SIGNS US$
9 ? SEC;N "<NON-
,,UEB SYMBOLS"> """"" #AHE
#AC4A ,DET]M9+ :AT IS
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#AC4B ,US+ ,,UEB
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#AC4C ,GUIDEL9ES =
3TRACT+ ANGLICIS$
^WS D]IV$ F SPECIFIC
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#AC4D ,REPRES5T+ A35T$
LRS """"""""""""""""" #AIJ
#AC4E ,US+ ,,UEB SIGNS "" #AIJ
#AC4F ,US+ =EIGN CODE
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#AC4G ,CODE SWIT*
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#AC4H ,MIX$-LANGUAGE
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TABLE ( 3T5TS P#D
FRONT MATT] C;VIII
,SEC;N #AD3
,CODE ,SWIT*+ """ #AII
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS #AII
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
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9 ? SEC;N """"""""""" #BJJ
#AD4A ,PURPOSE ( CODE
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#AD4B ,:5 TO USE CODE
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#AD4C ,H[ TO USE CODE
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#AD4D ,,IPA ,BRL )9
,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJG
#AD4E ,MUSIC BRL )9
,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJH
#AD4F ,NEME? ,CODE )9
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#E
FRONT MATT] D;VIII
,,UEB TEXT """""""""" #BJI
---------------------------;IX
,SEC;N #AE3
,SCAN.N1 ,/RESS
& ,T"O """""" #BAA
#AE4A ,SCAN.N1 ,L9E
,M>K+ """"""""""""""" #BAA
#AE4B ,/RESS """""""""""" #BAB
#AE4C ,T"O """""""""""""" #BAD
#AE4D ,PHONETIC SCAN.N1
/RESS & T"O """"""""" #BAE
,SEC;N #AF3
,L9E ,MODE1
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#AF4A ,:5 TO USE L9E
MODE """""""""""""""" #BAG
#AF4B ,HORIZONTAL L9E
MODE """""""""""""""" #BAG
#AF4C ,DIAGONAL &
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#AF4D ,COMB9+ L9ES """""" #BBC
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#F
FRONT MATT] A;IX
#AF4E ,GUIDE DOTS """"""" #BBG
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#G
FRONT MATT] B;IX
TABLE ( 3T5TS P#H
#AFI
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#E/H ( ! CLASS >E BOYS4
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;;(X./Y)
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R.D P>5!SIS
,PLACE;T ( MULTI-L9E
GR\P+ SYMBOLS
#AA4H4A ,:5 A PR9T GR\P+
#AA4H4A #BA
TE*4 MAT]IAL B#AGG
SYMBOL /RET*ES ACR S"EAL
L9ES ( PR9T1 USE !
APPROPRIATE 5L>G$ GR\P+
SYMBOL 9 BRL4 ,REP1T ! GR\P+
SYMBOLS DIRECTLY "U EA* O!R
ON EA* L9E4 ,USE BLANK L9ES
2F & AF S* >RANGE;TS =
CL>;Y4
,EXAMPLE3
,I "7 ,"<#A #J,">
,"<#J #A,">
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"PS
#AE4A TO #AE4G ( ,MATRICES &
,VECTORS1 = M 5L>G$ GR\P+
SYMBOLS & EXAMPLES4
#AA4H4A #BB
TE*4 MAT]IAL #AGH
#AA4I ,*EMI/RY
,USE ( CAPITAL 9DICATORS
& T]M9ATORS
#AA4I4A ,! G5]AL ,,UEB
PR9CIPLES ON ! *OICE ( S+LE
LR1 ^W OR PASSAGE MODE
APPLY2 9 "PICUL>1 A CAPITAL
T]M9ATOR %D N 2 US$ )9 A
TWO-LR *EMICAL ELE;T SYMBOL4
,US+ S+LE CAPITAL 9DICATORS
= *EMICAL =MULAE PROVIDES A
UNI=M APPE>.E TO ! BRL2
N"E!.S1 "! MAY 2 A CLE>
ADVANTAGE 9 US+ CAPITAL
PASSAGE MODE 9 "S CASES4
,LRS REPRES5T+ *EMICAL
ELE;TS %D N"E 2 3TRACT$4
,EXAMPLES3
,H;5#B,O
#AA4I4A #BC
TE*4 MAT]IAL A#AGH
;;;#B,NA,O,H"6,H5#B,S,O5#D
\O ,NA5#B,S,O5#D
"6#B,H5#B,O;'
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"PS
#AF4A TO #AF4G1 ( ,*EMI/RY1
= M EXAMPLES4
#AA4AJ ,COMPUT] NOTA;N
,DEF9I;N ( COMPUT]
NOTA;N
#AA4AJ4A ,COMPUT] NOTA;N IS
ANY TEXT WRITT5 9 A =MAL
SYNTAX T IS DESIGN$ TO
ALL[ COMPUT]S TO UTILIZE !
TEXT DIRECTLY = TE*NICAL
PURPOSES RELAT$ TO !
COMPUT] XF4 ,EXAMPLES
9CLUDE COMPUT] PROGRAMS
WRITT5 9 PROC$URAL
LANGUAGES S* Z ,JAVA1
,C"6"61 ,,COBOL1 & V>I\S
#AA4AJ4A #BD
TE*4 MAT]IAL B#AGH
8ASSEMBLY0 LANGUAGES1
NONPROC$URAL SCRIPT+ &
M>KUP LANGUAGES S* Z
,,XHTML1 & DATA FILES
PREP>$ TO MEET ! 9PUT
REQUIRE;TS ( SPECIFIC
PROGRAMS4
.1,NOTE3
_4 8,4PLAY$0 COMPUT] NOTA;N
IS PRES5T$ 9 "O OR M L9ES
SEP>ATE F ! SURR.D+ LIT]>Y
TEXT2
_4 89L9E0 COMPUT] NOTA;N IS
PRES5T$ )9 ORD9>Y LIT]>Y
TEXT1 = EXAMPLE1 AN EMAIL
ADDRESS M5;N$ )9 A S5T;E4
,GRADE ( BRL 9 COMPUT]
NOTA;N
#AA4AJ4B ,A 4PLAY$ COMPUT]
PROGRAM OR PROGRAM FRAG;T
%D NORMALLY 2 TRANSCRIB$ 9
GRADE #A BRL2 NE>BY
#AA4AJ4B #BE
TE*4 MAT]IAL C#AGH
EXC]PTS F A PROGRAM
--------------------------#AGI
T IS 4PLAY$ 9 GRADE #A %D
PREF]ABLY AL 2 9 GRADE #A1
= 3SI/5CY4 ,O!R EXPRES.NS1
S* Z EMAIL ADDRESSES1 WEB
SITES1 ,,URL,'S1 FILE"NS1
& COMPUT] EXPRES.NS N
4PLAY$ ON SEP>ATE L9ES1 %D
NORMALLY 2 TRANSCRIB$ 9
GRADE #B BRL4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #B1
,T]M9OLOGY & ,G5]AL
,RULES1 = ! 8,/&+ ,AL"O0
RULE2 & AL TO ,SEC;N #AJ1
,3TRAC;NS1 = EXAMPLES (
EMAIL & WEB ADDRESSES4
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
#AG1 ,COMPUT] ,NOTA;N1 =
AN EXAMPLE ( A PROGRAM
FRAG;T4
#AA4AJ4B #BF
#AHJ-#AHA
,SEC;N #AB3 ,E>LY ,=MS (
,5GLI%
.=#Y L[]CASE YO<
.=,#Y CAPITAL YO<
.=#! L[]CASE ?ORN
.=,#! CAPITAL ?ORN
.=#$ L[]CASE E?
.=,#$ CAPITAL E?
.=#W L[]CASE WYNN "<W5">
.=,#W CAPITAL WYNN "<W5">
.=A^6E LIGATURE AE "<A%">
.=,A,^6E CAPITAL LIGATURE ,,AE
"<A%">
.=O^6E LIGATURE OE
.=,O,^6E CAPITAL LIGATURE ,,OE
.=@- MACRON ABV FOLL[+ LR
#AB4A ,FOLL[ ! PROVI.NS (
,SEC;NS #D4B & #D4C1 ,LRS &
,_! ,MODIFI]S = ! TR1T;T (
LIGATUR$ LRS & ! MACRON4
#AB4A #BG
E>LY ,5GLI% A#AHA
,EXAMPLE3
,HW@-<A^6E>R W@-<A^6E>RE
#$@-U8
#AB4B ,USE UNCONTRACT$ BRL =
,OLD ,5GLI%1 T IS1 ,5GLI%
WRITT5 2F AB #AAJJ4
,EXAMPLE3
,B@-EO#$ G@-E STILLE4
#AB4C ,9 ,MIDDLE ,5GLI% "<;C4
#AAJJ TO ;C4 #ADEJ"> ! USE (
3TRAC;NS IS OP;NAL4 ,:5
3TRAC;NS >E US$1 H REG>D =
SPELL+ V>IA;NS4
--------------------------#AHB
,EXAMPLE3
.<,LUKE #B3#AJ F ,WYCLIF
,BIBLE "<;C4 #ACHJ"> )
UNCONTRACT$ BRL3.>
#AB4C #BH
E>LY ,5GLI% A#AHB
@& #!E AUNGIL SEIDE TO HEM1
NYLE #YEE DREEDEN1 LO
SO#!LI ,I EUANGELISE TO
#YOU A GRET IO#YE #!AT
SHALL BE TO ALLE PUPLE4
.<EXAMPLES US+ 3TRACT$
BRL3.>
;AL "<ALL">
BO! "<BO?">
C;YE "<C;Y">
C\LD "<COLD">
"DNTY "<DA9TY">
DOLE;LL "<DOLE;L">
FFUL "<FULL">
=! "<=?">
G5TIL.SE
G5TL5ES "<G5TLE;S">
_HDE
H1!;SE "<H1!NDOM">
L\E "<LOVE">
M"O! "<MON?">
"OLY "<ONLY">
#AB4C #BI
E>LY ,5GLI% B#AHB
\] "<OV]">
S"OS "<SONS">
SOONE
SWOLE) "<SWALL[S">
--------------------------#AHC
_WE
YOONGE
#AB4D ,USE 3TRACT$ BRL = ,E>LY
,MOD]N ,5GLI% "<;C4 #ADEJ TO
;C4 #AFEJ"> HAV+ REG>D =
SPELL+ V>IA;NS4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,LUKE #B3#AJ 9 ! ORIG9AL
SPELL+ ( ! ,K+ ,JAMES
,BIBLE "<#AFAA">3.>
,& ! ,ANGEL SD VNTO !M1
,FE>E N3 ,= 2HOLD1 ,I BR+
Y GD TID+S ( GRT IOY1 : %
2 TO ALL P4
#AB4D #CJ
#AHD-#AHE
,SEC;N #AC3 ,=EIGN
,LANGUAGE
,=EIGN CODE SIGNS US$ 9
? SEC;N "<NON-,,UEB
SYMBOLS">
.=E ,GREEK EPSILON
.=M ,GREEK MU
.=U ,GREEK OMIKRON YPSILON
.=& ,FR5* ;C-C$ILLA
.== ,FR5* ;E-ACUTE
.=( ,FR5* A-GRAVE
.=( ,SPANI% A-ACUTE
.=! ,FR5* ;E-GRAVE
.=! ,SPANI% ;E-ACUTE
.=) ,SPANI% ;U-ACUTE
.=% ,FR5* I-CIRCUMFLEX
.=? ,FR5* O-CIRCUMFLEX
.=\ ,IGBO ;U-DOT-"U
.=[ ,GREEK OMIKRON IOTA
.=[ ,IGBO O-DOT-"U
.=3_ ,FR5* OP5+ ITALIC PASSAGE
#AC #CA
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AHD
.=5 ,SPANI% "Q M>K .<OP5+ "Q
M>K IS 9V]T$ 9 PR9T.>
.=7 ,FR5* P>5!SIS "<R.D
BRACKET">1 OP5+ & CLOS+
.=/ ,SPANI% I-ACUTE
.=+ ,SPANI% O-ACUTE
.=_ ,FR5* CLOS+ ITALIC PASSAGE
.=. ,FR5* CAPITAL SIGN
#AC4A ,DET]M9+ :AT IS
=EIGN
#AC4A4A ,A =EIGN LANGUAGE IS
ANY NATURAL OR >TIFICIAL
LANGUAGE 9 USE N[ OR 9 ! PA/
O!R ?AN ,5GLI%4 ,X MAY 2
WRITT5 9 ,ROMAN OR NON-
,ROMAN SCRIPT4 ,ANY =M (
,5GLI% TRANSLIT]AT$ 9 NON-
,ROMAN SCRIPT IS AL TO 2
TR1T$ Z =EIGN4
--------------------------#AHF
#AC4A4B ,9 DET]M9+ :E!R A ^W
OR PHRASE IS =EIGN OR
#AC4A4B #CB
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AHF
ANGLICIS$1 3SI/5CY )9 A BOOK
IS M* M IMPORTANT ?AN
3SI/5CY 2T BOOKS4 ,!
PUBLI%]'S "<OR ": POSSIBLE !
AU?OR'S"> 9T5;N1 IF
ASC]TA9ABLE1 %D 2 REG>D$ Z
P>AM.T4 ,ATT5;N %D 2 PD TO
TYPOGRAPHY1 S9CE ITALICS OR
"<LESS FREQU5TLY"> BOLD OR
QUOTA;N M>KS >E (T5 US$ TO
4T+UI% ^WS REG>D$ Z =EIGN F
^? REG>D$ Z ANGLICIS$4
.1,REF] .1TO3 #AC4B1 = !
TR1T;T ( 3TRAC;NS 9 ^WS1
PHRASES OR PASSAGES1 REG>D$
Z =EIGN4
,EXAMPLE3
,H] PIR\ETTE 0 LOVELY B H]
.7FOUETT^/E EN TOURNANT.'
0 SPECTACUL>4
#AC4A4C ,9 D\BT;L CASES !
#AC4A4C #CC
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AHF
DEFAULT POSI;N IS TO 3SID] !
^W OR PHRASE Z =EIGN4 ,"!=E
TITLES "<= EXAMPLE"> 9 ANO!R
LANGUAGE %D 2 REG>D$ Z
=EIGN1 EV5 ?\< ,5GLI% &
=EIGN TITLES >E N
DI6]5TIAT$4
.1,NOTE3 ,IF A /&>D
DIC;N>Y IS 3SULT$ TO SETTLE
A "Q : _C 2 RESOLV$ BY
REF];E TO ! BOOK XF1 C>E %D
2 TAK5 TO 5SURE T ! DIC;N>Y
IS ACTUALLY PURPORT+ TO
ANSW] ! "Q ) : ! TRANSCRIB]
IS 3FRONT$4 ,X %D AL 2
REMEMB]$ T EV5 GD DIC;N>IES
D N AGREE AM;G !MVS Z TO :AT
^WS >E TO 2 REG>D$ Z =EIGN4
.1,NOTE3 ,IF US+ A
DIC;N>Y1 5SURE T X IS LESS
?AN T5 YE>S OLD4 ,^WS OR
EXPRES.NS T APPE> Z MA9
5TRIES 9 ! BODY ( ! DIC;N>Y
#AC4A4C #CD
=EIGN LANGUAGE C#AHF
>E 3SID]$ ANGLICIS$ UN.S !Y
>E ID5TIFI$ Z =EIGN4 ,3SULT
! USAGE GUIDE = ! DIC;N>Y TO
DET]M9E H[ =EIGN T]MS >E
ID5TIFI$1 E4G4 BY A 4T9CTIVE
TYPEFACE OR BY A SPECIAL
PR9T M>K]4
,EXAMPLES3
,! NEWSPAP]S ) ! L>GE/
CIRCULA;N >E .1,YOMIURI
.1,SHIMBUN &
--------------------------#AHG
.1,ASAHI .1,SHIMBUN F
,JAPAN FOLL[$ BY .7,! ,"TS
( ,9DIA4.'
,9 #AIAF1 ! ,BRITI% .1,QUE5
.1,M>Y 0 SUNK BY ! ,G]MAN
.1,DERFFLINGER DUR+ !
,BATTLE ( ,JUTL&4
.<5TRIES 9 A BIBLIOGRAPHY3.>
#A4 ,3LOGUE1 ,RAY4
#AC4A4C #CE
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AHG
.7,IMPOSSIBLE ,NA;N3 ,!
,L;G+ = ,HOMEL& 9 ,CANADA
& ,QUEBEC4.' ,TORONTO3
,M]CURY ,PRESS1 #BJJB4
#B4 ,LE ,ROY ,LADURIE1
,EMMANUEL4 8,QUAND ,PARIS
^/ETAIT CAPITALE DU
MONDE40 .7,LE ,NOUVEL
,OBSERVATEUR1.' ,AUGU/
#BJJA4
#C4 ,M^/EN>D1 ,M>C4
.7,^/ELEMENTS POUR UNE
^/ECONOMIE DES INDUSTRIES
CULTURELLES4.' ,MONTR1L3
,,SODEC1 #BJJD4
#D4 ,WEB]1 ,GEORGE4 8,!
,_W'S ,T5 ,MO/ ,9FLU5TIAL
,LANGUAGES40 .7,LANGUAGE
,TD #B1.' ,DECEMB] #AIIG4
--------------------------#AHH
#AC4B ,US+ ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS
#AC4B4A ,EXCEPT Z PROVID$ = 9
#AC4B4A #CF
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AHH
! NOTE 2L1 D N USE 3TRAC;NS
9 ^WS1 PHRASES OR PASSAGES :
>E REG>D$ Z =EIGN1 9CLUD+
ANY ,5GLI% ^WS )9 !
EXPRES.N4
.1,NOTE3 ,X IS P]MISSIBLE
TO 4REG>D ? RULE PROVID$ T
"! >E APPROPRIATE BRL
AU?OR;Y POLICIES & GUIDEL9ES
9 PLACE : TRANSCRIB]S 9 YR
C.TRY >E EXPECT$ TO FOLL[ TO
5SURE T AMBIGU;Y IS AVOID$4
,EXAMPLES3
,! .1FOIH-CHAI1 ! TRA9S1
TU7$ FREI<T C>S T BANG$
TGR L ?"U4
,G5JI'S SUITOR PLAY$ !
.1SHAMISEN4
,!RESE IS V .1CHIC4
.1,SCHWIEGERVATER IS !
,G]MAN ^W = 8"F-9-LAW40
,! ^W 8DEMON/RATE0 COMES F !
#AC4B4A #CG
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AHH
,LAT9 ^1DEMONSTRARE4
8.7,UN MOMENTITO1 POR
FAVOR1.'0 SD ,C>LOS4
,9 ,NIG]IA1 ,I PREF] TO
TRAVEL BY .7,IFE ,SINE
,CHI.' L;G 4T.E BUSES4
--------------------------#AHI
,! ANN\NCE;T />T$3 .7,LORD
,BYRON ERA UN POETA MUY
CONOCIDO4.'
8.7,PRENONS COURAGE1
,MARGUERITE1.'0 ,J1NNE SD1
H] >M L9K$ FIRMLY 9 M9E4
,WE W5T \ = A .1LEKK]
.1BRAAI ( .7PAP EN WORS.'4
.<,NOTE ! 3TRAC;NS 9 ?
EXAMPLE1 & REF] TO ! NOTE
ATTA*$ TO #AC4B4A4 ABV4.>
#AC4B4B ,D N USE GRADE #A
9DICATORS = =EIGN MAT]IAL 9
UNCONTRACT$ BRL4
#AC4B4C ,USE ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS 9
#AC4B4C #CH
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AHI
^WS1 PHRASES1 PROP] "NS &
P]SONAL TITLES : >E REG>D$ Z
ANGLICIS$4 ,H["E1 D N USE A
3TRAC;N T WD UNDULY 4TORT !
PRONUNCIA;N OR /RUCTURE ( A
^W4
,EXAMPLES3
,! EXPRES.N ME;TO MORI IS
"S"TS US$ ) "S ( ! S5SE (
C>PE DIEM4
,:ILE HE 0 9 ,S>AJEVO1 !
B1UTI;L ,F]_HIJA MOSQUE _H
BE5 DYNAMIT$4
,SR4 ;Y ,SRA4 ,JU>EZ 7
IMPRESS$ ) ! LOCALLY-MADE
PANCETTA S]V$ AT ! P5SIONE
9 ,SAN ,M>9O1 ,ITALY4
--------------------------#AIJ
,MURASAKI ,%IKUBU WROTE .7,!
,TALE ( ,G5JI.'4
#AC4B4C #CI
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIJ
#AC4C ,GUIDEL9ES = 3TRACT+
ANGLICIS$ ^WS D]IV$ F
SPECIFIC LANGUAGES
#AC4C4A ,GREEK3 ,9 ! LR
COMB9A;N 8STH01 USE !
3TRAC;NS 8TH0 OR 8THE0
"<REPRES5T+ ! LR !TA"> R ?AN
! 3TRAC;N 8ST04
#AC4C4B ,SC&9AVIAN LANGUAGES3
,USE ! 8AR0 3TRAC;N 9 ! LR
COMB9A;N 8AAR0 "<9 : AA
REPRES5TS A ) CIRCLE ABV">
#AC4C4C ,WEL%3 ,D N USE !
3TRAC;N 8ED0 9 ! LR COMB9A;N
8EDD0 "<DD REPRES5TS A 4T9CT
LR">4 ,SIMIL>LY USE 8FF0
3TRAC;N 9 ! LR COMB9A;N
8OFF0 R ?AN ! 3TRAC;N =
8OF04
#AC4D ,REPRES5T+ A35T$ LRS
#AC4D4A ,"! >E TWO WAYS TO
#AC4D4A #DJ
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AIJ
REPRES5T A35T$ LRS 9 BRL
)9 A ,,UEB 3TEXT3
_4 BY M1NS ( ,,UEB SIGNS =
MODIFI]S "<#AC4E">1 OR
_4 BY M1NS ( ! =EIGN CODE
SIGNS US$ 9 BRL PRODUC;N 9
! C.TRY ": ! LANGUAGE IS
SPOK5 "<#AC4F">4
,HYBRIDISA;N ( ^! TWO
ME?ODS IS TO 2 AVOID$ S9CE
,,UEB SYMBOLS & =EIGN CODE
SIGNS >E DI6]5T & MAY
3FLICT4
#AC4E ,US+ ,,UEB SIGNS
.=^;6 9V]T$ EXCLAMA;N M>K
.=^;8 9V]T$ "Q M>K
#AC4E4A ,USE ,,UEB SIGNS TO
REPRES5T A35T$ LRS1
PUNCTUA;N OR ,GREEK LRS ":
X IS JUDG$ LIKELY T MO/
R1D]S W 2 UNFAMILI> ) !
#AC4E4A #DA
=EIGN LANGUAGE C#AIJ
=EIGN CODE SIGNS1 & ": !
NATURE ( ! MAT]IAL DOES N
CR1TE A R1SONABLE
EXPECTA;N T !Y %D LE>N !M4
,,UEB SIGNS %D "!=E 2 US$3
_4 = O3A.NAL =EIGN ^WS &
PHRASES O3URR+ 9 ,5GLI%
3TEXT2
_4 = L;G] =EIGN PASSAGES S*
Z 3V]SA;N O3URR+ 9 ,5GLI%
NOVELS OR 9 O!R ,5GLI% "WS
REG>D$ Z PRIM>ILY =
LEISURE R1D+4
--------------------------#AIA
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #D1
,LRS & _! MODIFI]S1 = !
COMPLETE LI/ ( ,,UEB SIGNS
= A35TS & ,GREEK LRS4
,EXAMPLES3
,HE WALK$ PA/ ! GRT MASSES (
! .1GRANDES .1^/ECOLES4
#AC4E4A #DB
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIA
,SIETSKE TOOK \ ! P>CEL &
H&$ X TO ! SOLDI]4 8.7,EIN
,GESCHENK F^3UR UNS.' .<,A
GIFT = U.>10 HE LAU<$4 ,!N
HE OP5$ ! T9 BOX4
8.7,AH1 GUTE ,BUTTER.'
.<BUTT]1 DELICI\S.>4
.1,DANKE1 .1,FR^3AULEIN
.<,?ANK Y1 "Y LADY.>40
,-.7^;6,QU^/E IDEA M^/AS
BUENA6.',-EXCLAIM$ ,P$RO'S
"M4
,= .S R1D 8/&>D DEVIA;N40
,USE ,.DV TO D5OTE DI6];E OR
*ANGE 9 VELOC;Y4
#AC4E4B ,:5 ,,UEB SIGNS >E
US$1 D N USE =EIGN CODE
3TRAC;NS OR O!R SIGNS F !
=EIGN LANGUAGE CODE S* Z
PUNCTUA;N OR 9DICATORS4
#AC4E4B #DC
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AIA
#AC4E4C ,:5 ,,UEB SIGNS >E
US$1 D N USE CODE SWIT*
9DICATORS4
--------------------------#AIB
#AC4F ,US+ =EIGN CODE
SIGNS
#AC4F4A ,USE =EIGN CODE SIGNS
9 ! REPRES5TA;N ( =EIGN
LANGUAGE MAT]IAL ": "! IS
SUB/ANTIAL O3URR;E ( !
=EIGN LANGUAGE1 Z IN3
_4 GRAMM>S & O!R 9/RUC;NAL
MAT]IALS1
_4 ,5GLI% COM;T>IES ON =EIGN
"WS = /UDY1
_4 BIL+UAL TEXTS "<:E!R SET
\ 9 P>ALLEL OR
3SECUTIVELY"> S* Z (FICIAL
=MS1 OP]A LIBRETTI & O!R
TRANSLA;NS1 &
_4 ANY SITUA;N ":
SIGNIFICANT K ( ! =EIGN
#AC4F4A #DD
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIB
LANGUAGE IS PRESUPPOS$ OR
2+ TAU<T4
#AC4F4B ,9 A =EIGN LANGUAGE
BRL CODE1 X IS POSSIBLE TO
H SIX CATEGORIES ( SIGN3
#A4 ,SIGNS REPRES5T+ ! BASIC
ELE;TS ( ! SCRIPT "<:E!R
ALPHABET1 SYLLAB>Y1 OR
O!R">2
#B4 ,SIGNS REPRES5T+ A35TS
"<9CLUD+ 9DICATORS (
BR1?+1 T"O1 /RESS OR
QUANT;Y">2
#C4 ,PUNCTUA;N SIGNS &
9DICATORS2
#D4 ,ANCILL>Y SIGNS "<9CLUD+
ANY SIGNS LIABLE TO O3UR 9
LIT]>Y 3TEXTS1 : MAY OR
MAY N 2 M PREVAL5T 9
TE*NICAL MAT]IAL1 S* Z !
AMP]S&1 A/]ISK1 BULLET1 AT
SIGN1 DA7]1 & ! SIGNS
REPRES5T+ BASIC MA!MATICAL
#AC4F4B #DE
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AIB
OP]A;NS">2
#E4 ,TE*NICAL SIGNS1 : >E
UNLIKELY "E TO APPE> 9
LIT]>Y 3TEXTS2
#F4 ,3TRAC;NS4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,! MO/
REC5T $I;N ( .7,_W ,BRL
,USAGE.' : LI/S BY C.TRY
SIGNS US$ 9 CATEGORIES
"<#A"> TO "<#C">4
#AC4F4C ,:5 =EIGN CODE SIGNS
>E US$1 D N USE ,,UEB
3TRAC;NS4
#AC4F4D ,:5 US+ =EIGN CODE
SIGNS = BASIC ELE;TS ( !
SCRIPT &_/OR = A35TS1 T
IS1 CATEGORIES "<#A"> &
"<#B"> ABV1 X IS
P]MISSIBLE ?\< N REQUIR$
TO USE ! =EIGN CODE SIGNS
= ANY ( ! O!R CATEGORIES4
,D N USE A ,,UEB SIGN T
3FLICTS ) AN ELE;T 9 !
#AC4F4D #DF
=EIGN LANGUAGE C#AIB
=EIGN CODE4 ,AL D N MIX
=EIGN CODE SIGNS & !
EQUIVAL5T ,,UEB SIGNS = !
SAME LANGUAGE 9 ! SAME
BOOK4
,EXAMPLES3
.<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+
,SPANI%3.>
--------------------------#AIC
,TO 9DICATE PR(ES.N OR
VOCA;N3
,CARLOS ,FUENTES ^1ES
ESCRITOR4
,C>LOS ,FU5TES IS A WRIT]4
,YO ^1SOY M)SICO4
,I AM A MUSICIAN4
,T) ^1ERES DOCTORA4
,Y >E A DOCTOR4
.<EXAMPLES 9 A TEXTBOOK T1*+
,FR5*3.>
,IL Y A DEUX CR!CHES EN
#AC4F4D #DG
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIC
VILLE4
,"! >E TWO "D-C>E C5T]S 9
! C;Y4
,ILS SE SONT MARI=S IL Y A
DEUX ANS4
,!Y GOT M>RI$ TWO YE>S
AGO4
.<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+ ,IGBO3.>
,X 0 DELICI\S4 ,[ T[R[ \T[4
.<F A "WBOOK = *N LE>N+
,FR5*3.>
,ANSW] ! FOLL[+ "QS US+
.7_8IL Y A 444 "<QUE">1 &A
FA%T 444 "<QUE">1
DEPUIS_0.' "<"S"TS "! >E
S"EAL POSSIBILITIES">4
,IL Y A COMBIEN DE TEMPS QUE
TU VAS DANS CE COLL!GE8
"<DEUX ANS">
#AC4F4D #DH
=EIGN LANGUAGE #AID
.<F ! GRAMM> SEC;N ( A
,SPANI%-,5GLI% DIC;N>Y3.>
,ASK+ ,"QS3
5EST( AQU/ TU HERMANO5
IS YR BRO!R "H8
5EL AGUA EST( FR/A5
IS ! WAT] COLD8
T) LE DISTE EL DINERO1
5VERDAD5
Y GAVE HM ! M"OY1 DIDN'T
Y8
.<F A BIL+UAL1 ,5GLI% &
,FR5*1 GOV]N;T DOCU;T3.>
,MAKE ! C]TIFI$ *EQUE OR
M"OY ORD] "<.7= ,LIC;E
,R5EWAL ,FEE ONLY.'">
PAYABLE TO ! ,M9I/] (
,F9.E4
.LIBELLEZ LE CH!QUE CERTIFI=
OU LE MANDAT 73_CONCERNANT
LE DROIT DE RENOUVELLEMENT
#AC4F4D #DI
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AID
DU PERMIS _SEULEMENT7 (
L'ORDRE DU MINISTRE DES
.FINANCES4
#AC4F4E ,LI/ ALL =EIGN CODE
SIGNS US$ ON A PRELIM9>Y
PAGE4
#AC4F4F ,USE =EIGN CODE
3TRAC;NS1 I4E4 CATEGORY
"<#F"> ABV1 ONLY = A
LANGUAGE WRITT5 9 ,ROMAN
SCRIPT : IS AL "O ( !
(FICIAL LANGUAGES ( !
C.TRY F : ! DOCU;T
ORIG9ATES OR = : X IS
REQUE/$4 ,H["E1 9 NO CASE
IS ! USE ( =EIGN CODE
3TRAC;NS M&ATORY4
--------------------------#AIE
#AC4G ,CODE SWIT*
9DICATORS
#AC4G4A ,CODE SWIT* 9DICATORS
#AC4G4A #EJ
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIE
>E US$ TO 5CLOSE NON-,,UEB
MAT]IAL1 9 ? CASE MAT]IAL
US+ =EIGN CODE SIGNS4 ,D N
USE ,,UEB SIGNS )9 CODE
SWIT* 9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLE3
.<F A TEXTBOOK T1*+
,GREEK3.>
,! UNEMPHATIC =MS1 "('MU1
M[1 ME1,") >E 5CLITIC4
#AC4G4B ,:5 ! NATURE & EXT5T (
! 5CLOS$ MAT]IAL C 2 CLE>LY
D$UC$ F =MATT+ OR O!R
3TEXTUAL 3SID]A;NS1 Z :5
P>ALLEL TEXTS 9 ,5GLI% &
ANO!R LANGUAGE >E SET \ 9
TABUL> =M OR :5 ! =EIGN
LANGUAGE IS ID5TIFI$ BY A
*ANGE ( TYPEFACE1 !N CODE
SWIT* 9DICATORS MAY 2
OMITT$4
#AC4G4B #EA
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AIE
,EXAMPLE3
.<F ! GRAMM> SEC;N ( A
,SPANI%-,5GLI% DIC;N>Y3.>
,NO >TICLE IS US$ AF ^1QU! &
^1VAYA 9 EXCLAMA;NS3
^;6QU! L(STIMA6 :AT A %AME
#AC4G4C ,IF ! MA9 BODY ( TEXT
IS 9 A =EIGN LANGUAGE )
O3A.NAL ^WS OR PASSAGES (
,5GLI% 9T]SP]S$1 E4G4 BY WAY
( COM;T>Y OR EXPLANA;N1 X IS
RECOMM5D$ T ! FUNC;N ( !
CODE SWIT* 9DICATORS %D 2
REV]S$1 S T !Y 5CLOSE !
,,UEB MAT]IAL4 ,EXPLA9 ?
REV]SAL 9 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,FR5*3.>
.SOUVENT PR=C=D= D'UNE
#AC4G4C #EB
=EIGN LANGUAGE C#AIE
CONJONCTION DE
SUBORDINATION
--------------------------#AIF
TELLE QUE 8QUAND01 8D!S
QUE0 ^("<IMMLY">1
8AUSSIT?T QUE04
#AC4H ,MIX$-LANGUAGE
LIT]ATURE
#AC4H4A ,= A LIT]>Y "W 9 :
,5GLI% & "O OR M O!R
LANGUAGES >E 9T]SP]S$ FREELY
) NO TYPOGRAPHICAL OR O!R
4T9C;N1 3SID] ! BRL CODES (
! LANGUAGES 9VOLV$ & ! ISSUE
( AMBIGU;Y 9 DET]M9+ :E!R TO
USE ,,UEB 3TRAC;NS & H[ TO
REPRES5T A35T$ LRS4 ,D N MIX
,,UEB SIGNS & =EIGN CODE
SIGNS = ANY "PICUL> PR9T "*
OR BRL 9DICATOR4
.1,NOTE3 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
IS A MIX ( ,5GLI% & ,SPANI%4
#AC4H4A #EC
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIF
,9 ? EXAMPLE1 =EIGN CODE
SIGNS >E US$ = A35T$ LRS
S9CE X IS EXPECT$ T R1D]S WD
2 FAMILI> ) !M4 ,UNCONTRACT$
BRL IS US$ TO AVOID
AMBIGU;Y4 ,,UEB SIGNS >E US$
= PUNCTUA;N & 9DICATORS4
,EXAMPLE3
,WE BEGIN TO WALK AWAY1
RIGHT NEXT TO THE FOAM-
FLECKED HORSES "<THEY SWEAT
RIGHT DOWN TO THEIR HOOVES2
RICO EL OLOR">4 ,NOS DAMOS
CUENTA DE QUE LA PERSPECTIVA
DESDE EL COMIENZO DE LA
CARRERA ES1 SI CABE1 EVEN
MORE THRILLING4 ,FROM HERE1
WE CAN
--------------------------#AIG
SENSE THE ANTICIPATION OF
RIDERS AND THEIR MOUNTS2 THE
HORSES TURN AND TWITCH1
#AC4H4A #ED
=EIGN LANGUAGE A#AIG
RELUCTANT OR BORED1 Y LOS
JINETES INTENTAN
CONTENERLOS1 INSPIRARLOS4
,THEY TAKE OFF LIKE A SHOT1
FOUR LEGS PUMPING TOGETHER1
RIDER CROUCHED DOWN ON THE
HAUNCHES AND THEN RISING UP1
SOME OF THEM1 NEARLY
VERTICAL4 ,ALGUNOS CABALLOS
FUSTIGADOS TO WITHIN AN INCH
OF THEIR LIVES1 IT SEEMS,-
THWACK SE ESCUCHA EL CROP,-
MIENTRAS OTROS RUN LIKE
HELL1 SIMPLEMENTE PORQUE S/4
,NO L(TIGO REQUIRED4 .<FROM
.1,KILLER .1,CR+NICAS BY
,SUSANA ,CH(VEZ-,SILVERMAN.>
#AC4H4A #EE
=EIGN LANGUAGE B#AIG
#AC4H4A #EF
#AIH-#AII
,SEC;N #AD3 ,CODE
,SWIT*+
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
.=^( NON-,,UEB ^W 9DICATOR
.=^) NON-,,UEB ^W T]M9ATOR
.="(' OP5+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
9DICATOR
.=,") CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
9DICATOR
.1,NOTE3 ,! OP5+ NON-,,UEB
PASSAGE 9DICATOR IS ACTUALLY
TWO ,,UEB SYMBOLS3 .="(
FOLL[$ BY .='
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
,,IPA ,BRL
.="^( OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET2 OP5+
SQU>E BRACKET ) SWIT* F
,,UEB TO ,,IPA
.=^) CLOS+ ,,IPA BRACKET2
#AD #EG
CODE SWIT*+ A#AII
CLOS+ SQU>E BRACKET ) SWIT*
F ,,IPA TO ,,UEB
.="^/ OP5+ ,,IPA SLA%2 OP5+
SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> )
SWIT* F ,,UEB TO ,,IPA
.=^/ CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%2 CLOS+
SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%"> )
SWIT* F ,,IPA TO ,,UEB
.=";2 G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA
9DICATOR
.=;; G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR
.1,NOTE3 ,! CLOS+ ,,IPA
BRACKET1 ! CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%
& ! G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR >E
,,IPA 9DICATORS1 N ,,UEB
9DICATORS4
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
MUSIC BRL
.=,' OP5+ MUSIC 9DICATOR :5
FOLL[+ A SPACE
.=;2 MUSIC T]M9ATOR :5 FOLL[+
#AD #EH
CODE SWIT*+ B#AII
A SPACE
.1,NOTE3 ,! MUSIC T]M9ATOR
IS A MUSIC BRL 9DICATOR1 N A
,,UEB 9DICATOR4
,CODE SWIT*+ 9DICATORS =
,NEME? ,CODE
.=_% OP5+ ,NEME? ,CODE
9DICATOR FOLL[$ BY SPACE
.=_: ,NEME? ,CODE T]M9ATOR
PREC$$ BY SPACE
.1,NOTE3 ,! ,NEME? ,CODE
T]M9ATOR IS A ,NEME? ,CODE
9DICATOR1 N A ,,UEB
9DICATOR4
--------------------------#BJJ
,NON-,,UEB SYMBOLS US$ 9
? SEC;N
.=G ,GREEK LR GAMMA
.=H ,GREEK R\< BR1?+ M>K
#AD #EI
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJJ
.=I ,GREEK LR IOTA
.=L ,GREEK LR LAMBDA
.=N ,>ABIC LR NOON
.=O ,GREEK LR OMICRON
.=P ,GREEK LR PI
.=Q ,>ABIC LR QAF
.=U ,>ABIC DAMMA
.== ,FR5* ;E-ACUTE
.=( ,NEME? LEFT P>5!SIS
.=! ,FR5* ;E-GRAVE
.=! ,SPANI% ;E-ACUTE
.=) ,>ABIC LR TAH
.=) ,NEME? "R P>5!SIS
.=< ,FR5* ;E-CIRCUMFLEX
.=< ,,IPA OP5 O
.=< ,MUSIC FLAT SIGN
.=: ,,IPA E%
.=$ ,FR5* ;E-DIA]ESIS
.=$ ,,IPA 5G
.=] ,,IPA $H
.=] ,SPANI% ;N-TILDE
.=[ ,GREEK OMICRON IOTA
.=1 ,NEME? NUM]AL #A
#AD #FJ
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJJ
.=2 ,NEME? NUM]AL #B
.=3 ,>ABIC SUKUN
.=3 ,,IPA L5G? M>K
.=3 ,NEME? NUM]AL #C
.=3O ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY "R >R[
.=4 ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY SUBSCRIPT
NUM]AL #D
.=4 ,NEME? NUM]AL #D
--------------------------#BJA
.=5 ,,IPA S*WA
.=5 ,SPANI% "Q M>K
.=6R ,,IPA FI%-HOOK ;R
.=7 ,NEME? NUM]AL #G
.=0 ,NEME? NUM]AL #J
.=/ ,,IPA SMALL CAPITAL I
.=+ ,NEME? PLUS
.=+ ,SPANI% O-ACUTE
.=# ,,IPA TURN$ ;R
.=#D4 ,MUSIC F\R-F\R "T
SIGNATURE
.=> ,G]MAN A-UMLAUT
.=- ,NEME? M9US
.=@8 ,,IPA W$GE ABV
#AD #FA
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJA
.=^ ,NEME? SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR
.=_B ,,IPA V]TICAL /ROKE
"<SUP]IOR">
.=_& ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
,CODE 3T9UA;N 9DICATOR
.=_: ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
,CODE 5D ,COMPUT] ,BRL ,CODE
.=_2 ,,IPA V]TICAL /ROKE
"<9F]IOR">
.=_> ,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
,CODE CAPS LOCK 9DICATOR
.=" ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY TWO LR
*EMICAL ELE;T SIGN
.=" ,NEME? BASEL9E 9DICATOR
.=. ,FR5* CAPITAL SIGN
.=.K ,NEME? EQUALS
.=.? ,,IPA !TA
.=;E ,AFRIKAANS ;E-DIA]ESIS
.=;6 ,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY PLUS
.=, ,NEME? MA!MATICAL COMMA
#AD #FB
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJA
#AD4A ,PURPOSE ( CODE
SWIT*+
#AD4A4A ,! PURPOSE ( CODE
SWIT*+ IS TO 9DICATE TEXT
: IS TRANSCRIB$ 9 A BRL
CODE O!R ?AN ,,UEB4 ,? MAY
9CLUDE3
--------------------------#BJB
_4 BRL CODES = LANGUAGES O!R
?AN ,5GLI%1 S* Z
,AFRIKAANS1 ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1
,SPANI%1 ,VIETNAMESE
_4 .7,,IPA ,BRL3 ,AN ,UPDAT$
,TACTILE ,REPRES5TA;N ( !
,9T]NA;NAL ,PHONETIC
,ALPHABET.' .<SEE #AD4D.>
_4 .7,NEW ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL
( ,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N.'
.<SEE #AD4E.>
_4 .7,! ,NEME? ,BRL ,CODE =
,MA!MATICS & ,SCI;E
,NOTA;N.' .<SEE #AD4F.>
#AD4A4A #FC
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJB
_4 O!R NON-,,UEB BRL CODES =
SUBJECTS S* Z MA!MATICS1
*EMI/RY1 COMPUT] SCI;E
"<ASSUM+ ! TRANSCRIB] HAS
A SPECIAL R1SON = SWIT*+1
: 9 G5]AL IS N NEC 9
,,UEB">
_4 HI/ORICAL BRL CODES
_4 PROPOS$ BRL CODES
#AD4B ,:5 TO USE CODE
SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
#AD4B4A ,:5 A TEXT IS TO 2 R1D
9 H>DCOPY BRL1 D N USE CODE
SWIT*+ 9DICATORS :5 ! NATURE
& EXT5T ( ! NON-,,UEB TEXT C
2 DET]M9$ BY ! 3TEXT OR
=MAT4
,EXAMPLES3
.<,SPANI% 9 COLUMN =MAT3.>
#AD4B4A #FD
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJB
PENSI+N COMPLETA FULL BO>D
5PUEDO VERLO5 MAY ,I SEE
X8
BA]O COMPARTIDO PRIVATE
BA?
.<BOLDFACE US$ ONLY =
,SPANI%3.>
,NO >TICLE IS US$ AF ^1QU! &
^1VAYA 9 EXCLAMA;NS4
#AD4B4B ,9 SITUA;NS ": CODE
SWIT*+ 9DICATORS >E N US$1
5SURE T ! =MAT OR POSI;N ( !
NON-,,UEB MAT]IAL IS CLE> TO
! R1D]4 ,(T5 ! TEXT XF W
MAKE X OBVI\S1 = EXAMPLE3 :5
! 9TRODUC;N ( A BIL+UAL
DIC;N>Y EXPLA9S T ! 5TRY ^W
9 ,FR5* IS FOLL[$ BY XS
PRONUNCIA;N 9 ,,IPA2 :5 !
TEXT HAS
#AD4B4B #FE
CODE SWIT*+ #BJC
TWO COLUMNS H1D$ 8,SPANI%0 &
8,5GLI%02 OR :5 ! TEXT /ATES
T ! ^WS 9 ,G]MAN >E 9 BOLD4
,IF ! TEXT DOES N EXPLICITLY
DRAW ATT5;N TO ! NON-,,UEB
MAT]IAL1 USE A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE TO EXPLA9 ! =MAT OR
POSI;N ( NON-,,UEB BRL
CODES4
#AD4B4C ,USE CODE SWIT*+
9DICATORS = NON-,,UEB
MAT]IAL :5 WRIT+ BRL T W 2
TRANSLAT$ 9TO PR9T OR ":
3TEXT & =MAT CUES >E N
OBVI\S OR M1N+;L1 = EXAMPLE
:5 A FILE W 2 R1D
ELECTRONICALLY4
#AD4B4D ,USE CODE SWIT*+
9DICATORS :5 ! NON-,,UEB BRL
WD 2 AMBIGU\S & :5 ! NATURE
& EXT5T ( ! NON-,,UEB TEXT
_C 2 DET]M9$ BY ! 3TEXT OR
=MAT4
#AD4B4D #FF
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJC
,EXAMPLE3
.<QUOTES N LIMIT$ TO
,FR5*3.>
^(8.PEUT-<TRE0 HAS AN
ALT]NATE EXPRES.N1
^(8PEUT-<TRE ^(QUE04
#AD4B4E ,:5 CODE SWIT*+
9DICATORS ) ID5TIFI]S >E
US$1 EXPLA9 !M EI ON A
SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE POSI;N$ 2F
! A6ECT$ MAT]IAL4 .<,SEE
#AD4C4C4.>
#AD4C ,H[ TO USE CODE
SWIT*+ 9DICATORS
.7,REF] TO.'3 #AD4D = CODE
SWIT*+ 9DICATORS = ,,IPA
,BRL1 TO #AD4E = CODE SWIT*+
9DICATORS = MUSIC BRL & TO
#AD4F = CODE SWIT*+
#AD4C #FG
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJC
9DICATORS = ,NEME? ,CODE4
#AD4C4A ,PLACE ! NON-,,UEB ^W
9DICATOR IMMLY PREC$+ !
SYMBOLS-SEQU;E TO : X
APPLIES4 ,XS E6ECT IS
T]M9AT$ BY ! NEXT SPACE OR
BY ! NEXT NON-,,UEB ^W
T]M9ATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
.<,>ABIC3.>
,! ^W 8COTTON0 IS D]IV$ F !
,>ABIC ^(QU)3N "<QUTN">4
--------------------------#BJD
.<,G]MAN3.>
"<,= 8AL;GSIDE (0 USE
^(8L>NGS0^)4">
#AD4C4B ,USE ! NON-,,UEB
PASSAGE 9DICATORS :5 "! >E
?REE OR M SYMBOLS-SEQU;ES 9
! NON-,,UEB BRL CODE4 ,!
#AD4C4B #FH
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJD
E6ECT ( A NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
9DICATOR 3T9UES UNTIL !
CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,FR5*3.>
,NOTE ! USE ( "('=1 !1 <1,")
& ^($4
#AD4C4C ,:5 M ?AN "O NON-,,UEB
BRL CODE IS US$ 9 A "PICUL>
TEXT & X IS N OBVI\S : "O IS
9T5D$1 MODIFY ! OP5+ NON-
,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR BY
AUG;T+ X ) AN ID5TIFI]4 ,2F
! DOT #C1 9S]T A %ORT1
MNEMONIC SEQU;E ( LRS "<NO
3TRAC;NS"> : IS UNIQUE )9 !
TEXT4 ,! TRANSCRIB] DET]M9ES
! A2REVIA;NS US$4 ,REF] TO
,,ISO ,/&>D #FCI-#C "<ON !
WEBSITE ( ,,SIL ,9T]NA;NAL1
#AD4C4C #FI
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJD
WWW4SIL4ORG_/,,ISO#FCI-"
#C_/CODES4ASP"> = A LI/ (
TWO- & ?REE-LR DESIGNA;NS =
LANGUAGES4
,EXAMPLES ( COMMONLY-US$
LANGUAGES3
,AFRIKAANS "(AF'
,FR5* "(FR'
,G]MAN "(DE'
,GREEK "<,9T]NA;NAL"> "(GR'
,GREEK "<,MOD]N"> "(EL'
,9DONESIAN "(ID'
,ITALIAN "(IT'
,JAPANESE "(JA'
,NOR!RN ,SO?O "<,P$I1
,SEP$I"> "(NSO'
,SPANI% "(ES'
--------------------------#BJE
,TSWANA "(TN'
,V5DA "(VE'
#AD4C4D ,ID5TIFI]S >E N US$ )
#AD4C4D #GJ
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJE
! NON-,,UEB .1^W 9DICATOR4
,IF AN ID5TIFI] IS REQUIR$1
USE ! OP5+ & CLOS+ NON-,,UEB
.1PASSAGE 9DICATORS1 EV5 IF
X IS ONLY = "O SYMBOLS-
SEQU;E4
#AD4C4E ,:5 M ?AN "O NON-,,UEB
BRL CODE IS US$ 9 A TEXT1
USE A NON-,,UEB 9DICATOR )\T
AN ID5TIFI] ONLY :5 XS M1N+
IS OBVI\S OR :5 X REF]S TO !
SAME CODE Z ! NEXT PREVI\S
NON-,,UEB PASSAGE )9 !
P>AGRAPH4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,GREEK ) O!R NON-,,UEB
CODES US$ ELSE":3.>
,P]ICLES PRAIS$ GOV]N;T BY !
_M "<"(GR'H[ POLL[,")"> R
?AN BY ! PRIVILEG$ FEW
"<^(H[ ^(OLIG[^)">4
#AD4C4E #GA
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJE
#AD4C4F ,CLOSE ANY NON-,,UEB
PASSAGE 2F OP5+ ANO!R NON-
,,UEB PASSAGE4 ,9 O!R ^WS1
RETURN TO ,,UEB F/ EV5 IF
ANO!R NON-,,UEB PASSAGE W
/>T IMMLY4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,5GLI%1 ,AFRIKAANS1
,G]MAN3.>
,! SPE$ LIMIT ON ALL HI<WAYS
IS #ABJ KILOMETRES P] H\R4
"(AF',DIE SPOEDGRENS OP ALLE
SNELWE;E IS #ABJ
KILOMETERS PER UUR4,")
--------------------------#BJF
"(DE',DIE ,GESCHWINDIGKEITS-
BEGRENZUNG AUF ALLEN
,AUTOBAHNEN BETR>GT #ABJ
,KILOMETER PRO ,STUNDE4,")
#AD4C4G ,:5 ! NON-,,UEB TEXT
#AD4C4G #GB
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJF
IS 4PLAY$ ON "O OR M L9ES
SEP>ATE F ! ,,UEB TEXT1 !
OP5+ & CLOS+ NON-,,UEB
PASSAGE 9DICATORS MAY EA* 2
PLAC$ ON A L9E BY XF4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,BRITI% ,*EMI/RY ,CODE4 ,?
EXAMPLE ASSUMES !
TRANSCRIB] HAS A SPECIAL
R1SON = SWIT*+ TO ? CODE =
*EMICAL NOTA;N1 : 9 G5]AL
IS N NEC 9 ,,UEB4.>
"('
"CUSO4 ;6"ZN 3O "ZNSO4 ;6"CU
,")
#AD4C4H ,EXCEPT 9 ! PREVI\S
9/.E1 PLACE NON-,,UEB
9DICATORS AT ! EXACT PO9T (
*ANGE F ,,UEB TO NON-,,UEB &
BACK1 UNSPAC$ F ! SYMBOLS-
SEQU;E"<S"> : !Y PREC$E OR
#AD4C4H #GC
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJF
5CLOSE4 ,T IS1 D N 9S]T
SPACES : >E N ALR PRES5T 9 !
TEXT4
#AD4C4I ,:5 A NON-,,UEB CODE
PROVIDES A SYMBOL = SWIT*+ \
( T CODE1 USE T SYMBOL 9
PREF];E TO ! NON-,,UEB ^W
T]M9ATOR OR ! CLOS+ NON-
,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,,BANA ,COMPUT] ,BRL
,CODE4 ,? EXAMPLE ASSUMES
! TRANSCRIB] HAS A SPECIAL
R1SON = SWIT*+ TO ? CODE =
COMPUT] NOTA;N1 : 9 G5]AL
IS N NEC 9 ,,UEB4.>
,! MACRO COMM& W *ANGE ALL
O3URR;ES ( ^(_>ROM TO
^(_>RAM_:1 RESULT+ IN3
"('_>WHEN _>IN _>RAME _&
_>DO _>AS _>THE _&
_>RAMANS _>DO_:1444
#AD4C4I #GD
CODE SWIT*+ #BJG
#AD4C4AJ ,9 ! R>E 9/.E ": !
CLOS+ NON-,,UEB PASSAGE
9DICATOR CD R1LI/ICALLY 2
MISR1D Z A SYMBOL )9 ! NON-
,,UEB CODE1 9/1D USE AN OP5+
NON-,,UEB PASSAGE 9DICATOR
AUG;T$ ) ! ID5TIFI] 8EN0 "<=
,5GLI%"> TO 9DICATE T ,,UEB
IS RESUM+4 ,IF EV5 ? WD 2
MISR1D1 ! TRANSCRIB] MAY
DEVISE A SAFE 9DICATOR TO
RESUME ,,UEB4
#AD4D ,,IPA ,BRL )9 ,,UEB
TEXT
.1,REF] .1TO3 #D4D = ! 5G
& S*WA :5 N US$ 9 PHONETIC
OR PHONEMIC MAT]IAL4
#AD4D4A ,TRANSCRIBE PHONETIC &
PHONEMIC MAT]IAL AC TO !
PROVI.NS ( .7,,IPA ,BRL3 ,AN
,UPDAT$ ,TACTILE
#AD4D4A #GE
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJG
,REPRES5TA;N ( ! ,9T]NA;NAL
,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET4.' ,!
FOLL[+ SEC;NS PROVIDE =
SWIT*+ 2T ,,UEB & ,,IPA
,BRL4
#AD4D4B ,G5]ALLY PHONETIC
MAT]IAL )9 A TEXT IS
ID5TIFI$ 9 PR9T BY 2+ 5CLOS$
9 SQU>E BRACKETS4 ,USE !
OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET & CLOS+
,,IPA BRACKET4 ,! E6ECT ( !
OP5+ ,,IPA BRACKET IS
T]M9AT$ ONLY BY ! CLOS+
,,IPA BRACKET & N BY A
SPACE4
,EXAMPLE3
,L[ V[ELS 2CAME MID V[ELS
"^(A3^) TO "^(E3^) Z 9
"^(NA3M5^) TO "^(NE3M^)
.1"N4
#AD4D4C ,PHONEMIC MAT]IAL )9 A
#AD4D4C #GF
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJG
TEXT IS NORMALLY 5CLOS$ 9
SOLIDI "<=W>D SLA%ES"> 9
PR9T4 ,USE ! OP5+ ,,IPA SLA%
& ! CLOS+ ,,IPA SLA%4
,EXAMPLE3
,PRON\NCE "^/L^/ & "^/R^/ Z
DESCRIB$ ABV4
--------------------------#BJH
#AD4D4D ,:5 ,,IPA ,BRL & "O
O!R NON-,,UEB BRL CODE >E
US$ 9 A TEXT1 !N NON-,,UEB
9DICATORS C 2 US$ )\T
ID5TIFI]S = ! O!R NON-,,UEB
BRL CODE4
,EXAMPLE3
.<,,IPA & ,FR5*3.>
,PRACTICE ! S.D "^(E^) Z 9
^(TH= "^(TE^) & ^(M=LODIE
"^(MEL<_BDI^)4
#AD4D4D #GG
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJH
#AD4D4E ,:5 PR9T DOES N USE
SQU>E BRACKETS OR SOLIDI
"<=W>D SLA%ES"> TO ID5TIFY
,,IPA MAT]IAL1 & :5 ! NATURE
& EXT5T ( ! MAT]IAL _C 2
DET]M9$ BY 3TEXT OR =MAT1 !N
USE ! G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA
9DICATOR & ! G5]AL ,,IPA
T]M9ATOR TO 5CLOSE ! ,,IPA
MAT]IAL4
,EXAMPLE3
,F9D ! SYMBOLS ";2C@81 51
:;; 9 ! *>T4
#AD4D4F ,TO TEMPOR>ILY SWIT* F
,,IPA ,BRL TO ,,UEB1 USE !
G5]AL ,,IPA T]M9ATOR &
RETURN TO ,,IPA ,BRL ) !
G5]AL OP5+ ,,IPA 9DICATOR4
#AD4D4F #GH
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJH
,EXAMPLE3
"^(]5 _BN<#.? _2W/ND;;
"<G>BL$ SEC;N">
";2D/S_BPJU6R/$^)
#AD4E ,MUSIC BRL )9 ,,UEB
TEXT
.1,REF] .1TO3 #C4AH = !
NATURAL1 FLAT OR %>P :5 US$
)9 ,,UEB TEXT & N )9 MUSICAL
NOTA;N4
#AD4E4A ,TRANSCRIBE MUSIC AC
TO ! PROVI.NS ( .7,NEW
,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL ( ,BRL
,MUSIC ,NOTA;N4.' ,FOLL[ XS
PROVI.NS TO DET]M9E :5
9DICATORS >E NE$$ TO SWIT*
2T ,,UEB & MUSIC BRL4
--------------------------#BJI
#AD4E4B ,TO SWIT* F ,,UEB TO
MUSIC BRL :5 AN 9DICATOR IS
NEC1 L1VE A SPACE & PLACE !
#AD4E4B #GI
CODE SWIT*+ A#BJI
OP5+ MUSIC 9DICATOR IMMLY 2F
! MUSICAL NOTA;N4
,EXAMPLE3
,! KEY SIGNATURE IS ,'<<<
#AD4E4C ,FOLL[ ! PROVI.NS (
.7,NEW ,9T]NA;NAL ,MANUAL (
,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOTA;N.' =
RETURN+ TO ,,UEB F MUSIC
BRL4
,EXAMPLE3
,'#D4 ;2IS ! "T SIGNATURE4
#AD4F ,NEME? ,CODE )9
,,UEB TEXT
#AD4F4A ,:5 TE*NICAL MAT]IAL
IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO !
PROVI.NS ( .7,! ,NEME? ,BRL
,CODE = ,MA!MATICS & ,SCI;E
,NOTA;N.' )9 ,,UEB TEXT1 !
FOLL[+ SEC;NS PROVIDE =
#AD4F4A #HJ
CODE SWIT*+ B#BJI
SWIT*+ 2T ,,UEB & ,NEME?
,CODE4
#AD4F4B ,PLACE ! OP5+ ,NEME?
,CODE 9DICATOR FOLL[$ BY
SPACE 2F ! SEQU;E TO : X
APPLIES4 ,XS E6ECT IS
T]M9AT$ BY ! ,NEME? ,CODE
T]M9ATOR PREC$$ BY SPACE4
.1,NOTE3 ,! SPACES REQUIR$
) ! 9DICATOR & T]M9ATOR D N
REPRES5T SPACES 9 PR9T4
,EXAMPLES3
,! RESULT W 2 9 ! =M _%
(AX+BY)(CX+DY) _:1 ": _%
AC .K #12, BD .K -#10 _:1
& _% AD+BC .K #7 _:4
,HE SD1 8_% #4X+3Y _: IS !
NUM]ATOR40
--------------------------#BAJ
#AD4F4C ,:5 ! ,NEME? ,CODE
TEXT IS 4PLAY$ ON "O OR M
#AD4F4C #HA
CODE SWIT*+ A#BAJ
L9ES SEP>ATE F ! ,,UEB TEXT1
! OP5+ ,NEME? ,CODE 9DICATOR
& ! ,NEME? ,CODE T]M9ATOR
MAY EA* 2 PLAC$ ON A L9E BY
XF4
,EXAMPLE3
.1,SOLU;N4 ,AG WE GR\P !
F/ TWO T]MS & ! LA/ TWO
T]MS4
_%
#4X^3"-12X^2"-X+3
.K #4X^2"(X-3)-(X-3)
.K (X-3)(4X^2"-1)
.K (X-3)(2X+1)(2X-1)
_:
#AD4F4C #HB
#BAA
,SEC;N #AE3 ,SCAN.N1
,/RESS & ,T"O
#AE4A ,SCAN.N1 ,L9E ,M>K+
.=_ L9E 9DICATOR
.=_\ V]TICAL L9E
.=_\_\ D\BLE V]TICAL L9E
.=_/ SOLIDUS "<=W>D SLA%">
.=_/_/ D\BLE SOLIDUS
#AE4A4A ,FOLL[ PR9T = ! FOOT
SIGN & ! CAESURA TO M>K !
PAUSES 9 SPEE*1 Z 9 SCANN+
POETRY4
,EXAMPLES3
.1,TO ,,2 _/ .1OR ,,N .1TO
.1BE1 _/_/ ,,T _/ .1IS .1!
,,QUE/.1ION4
,TO ]R IS HUMAN2 _\_\ TO
=GIVE1 DIV9E4
#AE4A4A #HC
SCAN.N1 /RESS A#BAA
#AE4A4B ,:5 ! L9E BY L9E =MAT
( PR9T "<Z 9 A POEM"> IS
*ANG$ TO A L9E> =MAT 9 BRL1
USE ! L9E 9DICATOR TO M>K !
BR1KS 2T L9ES4 ,! L9E
9DICATOR IS UNSPAC$ F !
PREC$+ L9E & IS FOLL[$ BY
SPACE 2F ! FOLL[+ L9E4
,EXAMPLES3
,ROSE KISS$ ME TO-"D1,-_
.1,W %E KISS ME TO-MORR[8
,-,AU/9 ,DOBSON
--------------------------#BAB
,A MAD K+FI%]_ ROCKET+ AB 9
!_ R$ FOG AT SUNRISE
,-,MALCOLM ,L[RY
#AE4B ,/RESS
.=^.B PRIM>Y /RESS SIGN
.=^.2 SECOND>Y /RESS SIGN
#AE4B #HD
SCAN.N1 /RESS A#BAB
#AE4B4A ,FOLL[ PR9T :5
CAPITALS1 LR MODIFI]S1 *ANGE
( TYPEFACE &_/OR SYMBOLS
WRITT5 ON ! L9E ABV >E US$
TO 9DICATE /RESS EI 9 !
SYLLABLES ( A ^W OR 9 ! ^WS
9 A PHRASE1 S5T;E OR POEM4
,EXAMPLES3
OR_/GAN_/I_/,,ZA_/TION
H^/OT BR^/EA? ON MY
^/ANKLES1
,-,EZRA ,P.D
,@-OV@+ER ?@+E _/ S@-EA1
P@-A/ _/ ,CR@-ETE1 _/_/
@+ON ?@+E _/ ,S@-YR@+I@+AN
_/ %@-ORE 444
,-,*>LES ,K+SLEY
C^*OUNT]9T^/ELLIG;E
#AE4B4A #HE
SCAN.N1 /RESS #BAC
COMM]CIAL .<K_5 ^1M^%UR
%_5L.>
;X _/ ;X _/ ;X _/ ;X
,B S(T6 ,:AT LI<T "? YOND]
_/;X _/
W9D[ BR1KS8
,DIAGRAM ( POETIC METRE3
4-4-_/44--_/4-4-_/44-
#AE4B4B ,:5 PR9T USES M>KS 2F
OR AF A SYLLABLE TO 9DICATE
X IS /RESS$1 USE ! PRIM>Y &
SECOND>Y /RESS SIGNS & FOLL[
PR9T PLACE;T4 ,DESCRIBE :AT
PR9T SIGN IS US$ ON !
SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N
#C4AA1 ,G5]AL ,SYMBOLS &
,9DICATORS1 = ! PRIME SIGN
#AE4B4B #HF
SCAN.N1 /RESS A#BAC
US$ = FEET & M9UTES2 & TO
.7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #AA = !
PRIME SIGN US$ 9 TE*NICAL
MAT]IAL4
,EXAMPLES3
AP^.2 RI H5^.B %_5N
"<APPREH5.N">
.<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A
PRIME "<OR A35T"> & !
SECOND IS A BOLD PRIME4.>
^.2KOMBI^.BNE%N "<COMB9A;N">
.<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A L[
V]TICAL L9E & ! SECOND IS
A HI< V]TICAL L9E4.>
--------------------------#BAD
MET^.2_5 M^%OR^.BF_5 SIS
"<MET A MOR PHO SIS">
.<,! F/ /RESS M>K IS A
PRIME & ! SECOND IS A
D\BLE PRIME4.>
^.B_1,?IS /A;N _\ IS
#AE4B4B #HG
T"O A#BAD
^.B_2,OVAL4
.<,! /RESS M>KS >E HI<
V]TICAL M>KS4.>
#AE4C ,T"O
.=^.C HI< T"O
.=^.3 MID T"O
.=^.- L[ T"O
.=^.I HI< RIS+
.=^.9 L[ RIS+
.=^.E HI< FALL+
.=^.5 L[ FALL+
.=^.D GLOBAL RISE
.=^.0 GLOBAL FALL
.=^.* RISE-FALL
.=^./ FALL-RISE
.=^.! D[N /EP
.=^.$ UP /EP
#AE4C4A ,FOLL[ PR9T :5
CAPITALS & *ANGE ( TYPEFACE
>E US$ TO 9DICATE TONAL
PATT]NS ( SPEE*1 Z 9 TEXTS =
#AE4C4A #HH
T"O B#BAD
LE>N]S ( ,5GLI% Z A SECOND
LANGUAGE4
#AE4C4B ,= O!R MODES ( 9DICAT+
T"O1 9CLUD+ >R[S & POSI;N1
USE ! T"O SYMBOLS 9 ? SEC;N4
,EXAMPLES3
.<,*ANGE ( T"O IS 9DICAT$ )
AN >R[ 2F A ^W4.>
--------------------------#BAE
^.0,LHOTE 0 ! ^.9L1D]4
,"! 0 A ^.0S&/ORM1 ^./F/ (
ALL4
.<,*ANGE ( T"O IS 9DICAT$ BY
A *ANGE ( LEVEL & AL )
>R[S4 ,! BULLET 2F A ^W 9
BRL REPRES5TS A BULLET "U
! ^W 9 PR9T4.>
,DOES ^.$ _4,ANY"O ^.!
_4,,"H ^.! _4,,HAVE A ^.$
_4,,WAT*8 ^.$
#E4C4B #HI
T"O A#BAE
.<,! /RESS M>KS >E HI<
V]TICAL M>KS4 ,! F/ T"O
M>K IS A L[ LEFT-L1N+ M>K
& ! SECOND IS A HI< "R-
L1N+ M>K4.>
^.B,ALAN'S N ^.5_1"H4
,HE'S ^.BG"O ^.I_1HOME8
#AE4D ,PHONETIC SCAN.N1
/RESS & T"O
#AE4D4A ,:5 SCAN.N1 /RESS &
T"O >E %[N ) ! ,9T]NA;NAL
,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET1 USE !
MO/ REC5T $I;N ( .7,,IPA
,BRL3 ,AN ,UPDAT$ ,TACTILE
,REPRES5TA;N ( ! ,9T]NA;NAL
,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET4.'
#AE4D4A #IJ
#BAF-#BAG
,SEC;N #AF3 ,L9E ,MODE1
,GUIDE ,DOTS
#AF4A ,:5 TO USE L9E MODE
#AF4A4A ,USE L9E MODE :5 X IS
ADVANTAGE\S TO DRAW 8L9ES0
US+ /&>D BRL CELLS4 ,L9E
MODE 5ABLES REGUL> TEXT &
DIAGRAMMATIC L9ES TO COEXI/
)\T AMBIGU;Y1 EV5 )9 ! SAME
DIAGRAM4
.1,REF] .1TO3 ,SEC;N #G1
,PUNCTUA;N1 = ! HYPH51 DA%1
L;G DA% & L[ L9E2
.7,GUIDEL9ES = ,TE*NICAL
,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P #D1 = ! L9ES
9 SPATIAL CALCULA;NS & O!R
TE*NICAL DIAGRAMS2 & ,"P
#AF4G1 = ! L9ES & BONDS 9
/RUCTURAL =MULAE US$ 9
*EMI/RY4
#AF4A4B ,USE L9E MODE =
#AF4A4B #IA
L9E MODE A#BAG
F1TURES S* Z L9ES SEP>AT+
COLUMN H1D+S F ITEMS 9 !
COLUMN & = HORIZONTAL L9ES
2F & AF TEXT SET A"P 9
BOXES4
#AF4A4C ,D N USE L9E MODE :5 !
ATTRIBUTES ( ! L9ES OR _!
RELA;N%IP ) "O ANO!R IS
IMPORTANT1 S* Z 9 ! /UDY (
GEOMETRY OR ! M1SURE;T (
ANGLES4
#AF4A4D ,D N USE L9E MODE :5 !
DIAGRAM WD 2 TOO COMPLEX TO
2 R1D BY T\*4
#AF4A4E ,": ! TE*NOLOGY IS
AVAILABLE1 X IS (T5 BETT] TO
REPRES5T L9ES 9 DIAGRAMS )
TACTILE GRAPHICS4
#AF4B ,HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
.="3 HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
9DICATOR
.=3 SIMPLE "<SOLID S+LE">
#AF4B #IB
L9E MODE B#BAG
HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T
.=1 V>IANT HORIZONTAL L9E
SEG;T "<E4G4 DOTT$ OR DA%$">
.=7 D\BLE HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T
.== TRIPLE HORIZONTAL L9E
SEG;T
.=J CORN] ) UPW>D V]TICAL
.=4 CORN] ) D[NW>D V]TICAL
.=< CROSS+ ) LEFT-L1N+
DIAGONAL L9E
.=W CROSS+ ) V]TICAL L9E
.=> CROSS+ ) "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL
L9E
.=' HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
T]M9ATOR
--------------------------#BAH
#AF4B4A ,USE ! HORIZONTAL L9E
MODE 9DICATOR TO OP5 ANY
HORIZONTAL L9E4
#AF4B4B ,)9 HORIZONTAL L9E
MODE1 USE ! APPROPRIATE
HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;TS1
#AF4B4B #IC
L9E MODE A#BAH
CORN]S &_/OR CROSS+S TO
REPRES5T ! L9E4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A SOLID S+LE HORIZONTAL
L9E3.>
"3333333333333333
.<A DA%$ HORIZONTAL L9E3.>
"3111111
.<A TRIPLE HORIZONTAL L9E3.>
"3=================
.<A L9E ) AN UPW>D PO9T+
CORN] MIDWAY & A D[NW>D
PO9T+ CORN] AT ! "R 5D3.>
"3333J33334
#AF4B4B #ID
L9E MODE B#BAH
.<A L9E ) A V]TICAL
CROSS+3.>
"333333W3333333
.<A L9E ) BO? A LEFT-L1N+
CROSS+ & A "R-L1N+
CROSS+3.>
"3<33333333>333333
--------------------------#BAI
.<HORIZONTAL L9ES ON A BAL.E
%EET3.>
,9COME """" #HFE4GC
,EXP5DITURE #GJJ4DA
"333333
,BAL.E """" #AFE4CB
"377777
.<HORIZONTAL L9ES FOLL[+
#AF4B4B #IE
L9E MODE A#BAI
COLUMN H1D+S 9 A TABLE3.>
#A #B
"3333333 "33333
;X ;Y ;X ;Y
"33 "33 "3 "3
MODE #G #AB #E #G
M$IAN #I #AA #F #G
M1N #AJ #AJ #F #H
#AF4B4C ,:5 AN >R[ IS 3T9U\S )
! L9E1 USE ! >R[ 9DICATOR
.=\ TO SIGNAL ! 2G9N+ ( !
>R[4 ,USE ! SYMBOLS ( >R[
MODE TO REPRES5T ! >R[4 ,^U
COMPLE;N ( ! >R[1 HORIZONTAL
L9E MODE 3T9UES4
--------------------------#BBJ
.7,REF] TO3 ,GUIDEL9ES =
,TE*NICAL ,MAT]IAL1.' ,"P
#AC1 = RULES ON 3/RUCT+
>R[S4
#AF4B4C #IF
L9E MODE A#BBJ
,EXAMPLES3
.<A L9E ) A "R-PO9T+ >R[ AT
! "R 5D3.>
"33333333333333\O
.<A D\BLE L9E ) A D[NW>D-
PO9T+ >R[ AT ! MID-PO9T3.>
"377777\%777777
#AF4B4D ,TO REPRES5T 4T9CTIVE
TYPES ( L9ES1 USE ANY VALID
S+LE-CELL ,,UEB SYMBOL 9
ADDI;N TO ^? 9DICAT$ 9
#AF4B4B & EXCLUD+ ! >R[
9DICATOR .=\1 ! HORIZONTAL
L9E MODE T]M9ATOR .=' &
SPACE4 ,9 G5]AL1 *OOSE A
SYMBOL BAS$ ON ! PHYSICAL
%APE ( ! L9E OR F1TURE "<S*
Z A JUNC;N"> R ?AN ! M1N+ (
#AF4B4D #IG
L9E MODE B#BBJ
! SYMBOL 9 O!R 3TEXTS4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A L9E ) A SMALL RECTANGLE
NE> ! "R 5D3.>
"33333333333&XXXY33
.<A L9E ) DI6]5T LEVELS & )
SLANT$ & "R-ANGLE *ANGES (
LEVEL3.>
"333ICCE38-033
#AF4B4E ,T]M9ATE HORIZONTAL
L9E MODE ) A SPACE OR ) !
HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
T]M9ATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A L9E ) A CIRCLE AT ! "R
5D3.>
#AF4B4E #IH
L9E MODE #BBA
"3333333333'$=
.<A L9E ) TEXT AT !
MIDPO9T3.>
"3333'CONNEC;N"3333
#AF4B4F ,:5 ! V>IANT
HORIZONTAL L9E SEG;T IS US$1
DESCRIBE ! L9E X REPRES5TS
ON ! SPECIAL SYMBOLS PAGE OR
9 A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
#AF4C ,DIAGONAL & V]TICAL
L9ES
.=_ V]TICAL S+LE SOLID L9E
SEG;T
.=^ F/ V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
SEG;T "<E4G4 DOTT$ OR DA%$">
.=,_ SECOND V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
SEG;T "<E4G4 D\BLE L9E">
.=< LEFT-L1N+ S+LE SOLID
#AF4C #II
L9E MODE A#BBA
DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T
.=> "R-L1N+ S+LE SOLID
DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T
.=,< V>IANT LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
L9E SEG;T
.=,> V>IANT "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL
L9E SEG;T
#AF4C4A ,USE ! DIAGONAL &
V]TICAL L9E SEG;TS TO
REPRES5T DIAGONAL & V]TICAL
L9ES4 ,GR\P "O OR M ( !
SYMBOLS TGR :5 NEC PROVID+ T
EA* GR\P IS SURR.D$ BY
SPACES4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A S+LE SOLID LEFT-L1N+
DIAGONAL L9E3.>
#AF4C4A #AJJ
L9E MODE B#BBA
<
<
<
<
--------------------------#BBB
.<A DOTT$ V]TICAL L9E3.>
^
^
^
^
.<A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL L9E
MEET+ A D\BLE "R-L1N+
DIAGONAL L9E 9 A ;V-
%APE3.>
< ,>
< ,>
<,>
#AF4C4B ,:5 A L9E DRAW+ IS 9 A
#AF4C4B #AJA
L9E MODE A#BBB
TEXT 9 3TRACT$ "<GRADE #B">
BRL & :5 A /R+ ( TWO OR M (
! L9E-DRAW+ "*S .=< & .=>
O3UR 9 ! L9E DRAW+ 9 ANY
COMB9A;N & SURR.D$ BY
SPACES1 USE GRADE #A MODE =
! L9E DRAW+4
,EXAMPLE3
.<A "R-L1N+ DIAGONAL L9E
MEET+ A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
L9E 9 AN 9V]T$ ;V-%APE3.>
""=;;;
><
> <
> <
""=;'
#AF4C4C ,:5 A V>IANT V]TICAL
OR DIAGONAL L9E SEG;T IS
US$1 DESCRIBE ! L9E X
REPRES5TS ON ! SPECIAL
#AF4C4C #AJB
L9E MODE B#BBB
SYMBOLS PAGE OR 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4
--------------------------#BBC
#AF4D ,COMB9+ L9ES
#AF4D4A ,:5 L9ES & O!R ELE;TS
( A DIAGRAM1 S* Z AN >R[1 >E
T\*+ OR 3T9U\S1 POSI;N !
CORRESPOND+ BRL "*S ADJAC5T
TO "O ANO!R1 HORIZONTALLY1
V]TICALLY OR DIAGONALLY4
#AF4D4B ,EV5 :5 ! LEFT 5D ( A
HORIZONTAL L9E =MS A CORN]
OR CROSS+ ) A V]TICAL OR
DIAGONAL L9E1 OP5 !
HORIZONTAL L9E ) !
HORIZONTAL L9E MODE
9DICATOR4
,EXAMPLES3
.<A BOX1 WID] ?AN TALL3.>
#AF4D4B #AJC
L9E MODE A#BBC
"333333333333334
_ _
"33333333333333J
.<BOX DIAGRAM3.>
"333334 "3333334
_ ICE _ "3\O _ WAT] _
"33333J "333333J
.<A V]TICAL L9E ) A
HORIZONTAL L9E EXT5D+
"RW>D F XS MIDPO9T3.>
_
"33333
_
--------------------------#BBD
.<A V]TICAL L9E CROSS+ A
HORIZONTAL L9E ) A GAP 9 !
HORIZONTAL L9E TO ! "R ( !
#AF4D4B #AJD
L9E MODE A#BBD
V]TICAL L9E3.>
_
"333W "3333
_
.<A DIAGRAM REPRES5T+ AN
ORGANIZA;NAL *>T OR A
FAMILY TREE3.>
_
"33433J33343334
_ _ _ _
_
"33J334
_ _
.<N"\S & CROSSES3.>
#AF4D4B #AJE
L9E MODE #BBE
""=;;;
X _ _ O
"33W333W333
X _ X _ O
"33W333W333
_ O _ O
""=;'
.<A "R-L1N+ L9E CROSS+ A
HORIZONTAL L9E ) AN >R[ AT
BO? 5DS ( BO? L9ES3.>
""=;;;
\S
>
>
\["3>33\O
>
>
\>
""=;'
#AF4D4B #AJF
L9E MODE #BBF
#AF4D4C ,USE A SPACE 2F & AF
EA* V]TICAL L9E SEG;T1 F/
V>IANT V]TICAL L9E SEG;T1
SECOND V>IANT V]TICAL L9E
SEG;T OR COMB9A;N ( S*
SEG;TS4 ,:5 A V]TICAL L9E OR
"O ( ! V>IANT V]TICAL L9ES
CROSSES A DIAGONAL L9E OR IS
TOO CLOSE TO A DIAGONAL L9E1
USE EI ( ! DIAGONAL L9E
SEG;TS OR V>IANT DIAGONAL
L9E SEG;TS4
,EXAMPLES3
.<TWO V]TICAL L9ES CROSS$ BY
A LEFT-L1N+ DIAGONAL
L9E3.>
.1,NOTE3 ,? DIAGRAM IS
ALM TOO COMPLEX TO USE L9E
MODE4
#AF4D4C #AJG
L9E MODE A#BBF
""=;;;
< _ _
<< _
< _
<<<
_ <
_ <<
_ _ <
""=;'
--------------------------#BBG
.<A V]TICAL L9E T\*$ BY TWO
DIAGONAL L9ES ON ! "R TO
=M A ;,K-%APE3.>
""=;;;
_ >
_ >
>>
<<
_ <
_ <
""=;'
#AF4D4C #AJH
GUIDE DOTS A#BBG
#AF4E ,GUIDE DOTS
.="" GUIDE DOTS "<) SPACE 2F &
AF">
#AF4E4A ,USE A SEQU;E ( GUIDE
DOTS TO 5ABLE ! R1D] TO
TRACK ACR A GAP 9 ! BRL1 Z 9
A TABLE ( 3T5TS OR COLUMN$
MAT]IAL4 ,USE NO LESS ?AN
TWO GUIDE DOTS & L1VE AT L1/
"O BLANK CELL 2F & AF !
SEQU;E4
--------------------------#BBH
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